Intimate partner violence (IPV) encompasses a range of abusive behaviors within romantic or intimate relationships. This includes physical violence, such as hitting, kicking, or slapping, as well as emotional abuse, coercion, and controlling behaviors. IPV can occur in heterosexual or same-sex relationships and may involve one partner exerting power and control over the other through intimidation, threats, or manipulation. It often escalates over time and can have severe physical and psychological consequences for the abused including injury, emotional trauma, and even death.

Sexual abuse refers to any form of non-consensual sexual activity perpetrated against an individual. This includes rape, sexual assault, coercion, and unwanted sexual advances. In the context of intimate partner violence, sexual abuse may involve the use of sex as a means of control or domination within the relationship. Individuals who experience sexual abuse and/or IPV may feel shame, guilt, and fear, and they may struggle with trust and intimacy in future relationships.

Unpacking and understanding the dynamics of sexual and intimate partner violence is crucial for raising awareness, supporting survivors, and preventing future incidents. This could apply to the following circumstances:

  • People in long term relationships (past or current) with a controlling, emotionally abusive, and or jealous partner.

  • People who have experienced sexual violence (rape or other) and who struggle with trust, intimacy,and/or general functioning.

  • People who have a self-destructive pattern of choosing intimate partners that mistreat them.